I'm afraid that when it comes to hard science, the static vs. dynamic typing discussion will remain as "inconclusive" for a long time.
The testing methodology in (some of) the studies above involved test subjects to be working in toy prototype programs during a short period of time. In my opinion, this will favor dynamic typing. If there's a simple problem with a quick'n'dirty solution even I do often prefer Python to Haskell.
The real advantages of static typing become apparent only when a project matures as time and effort are spent on maintenance and refactoring. In dynamic languages it is rather easy to break "old" code by making changes to "new" code and subtly changing some types and you have to rely on unit testing to catch this at run time. This class of errors is caught by a sane type checker before you even start running your tests.
So my somewhat informed opinion is that it is very hard to get "conclusive" evidence of the superiority of static typing because it's a very difficult thing to objectively measure in a short period of time. I say "superiority" because that's my opinion that static typing is a little better for most but not all applications.
The testing methodology in (some of) the studies above involved test subjects to be working in toy prototype programs during a short period of time. In my opinion, this will favor dynamic typing. If there's a simple problem with a quick'n'dirty solution even I do often prefer Python to Haskell.
The real advantages of static typing become apparent only when a project matures as time and effort are spent on maintenance and refactoring. In dynamic languages it is rather easy to break "old" code by making changes to "new" code and subtly changing some types and you have to rely on unit testing to catch this at run time. This class of errors is caught by a sane type checker before you even start running your tests.
So my somewhat informed opinion is that it is very hard to get "conclusive" evidence of the superiority of static typing because it's a very difficult thing to objectively measure in a short period of time. I say "superiority" because that's my opinion that static typing is a little better for most but not all applications.