There are powerline carrier (PLC) systems that can communicate over the distribution system at about 1-2 baud. They’re getting replaced by mesh RF systems since PLC is quite lossy and the bandwidth is not sufficient for pulling back full timeseries data for planning studies. I’ve heard PLC systems outside the US work quite a bit better since 230V distribution has fewer distribution transformers.
The US systems are 120 V line-to-neutral (ground), whereas the European and lots of other countries are 230 V line-to-neutral. So after going through a distribution transformer, the non-US systems are at a higher voltage, which means you can distribute the power further without large losses. This leads to more neighborhood-level transformers serving dozens of consumers instead of the US practice of using split-phase transformers to serve only 2 consumers at a time.
PLC-enabled smart meters ("Linky") are the norm in France. I am pretty sure I also heard multiple times that PLC was used to transmit some data to equipment along high-voltage lines.
Yeah, I think PLC is awesome, but it's also just a whole parallel technology stack that has to be maintained and supplied. This is not such a heavy burden because it's mature technology, but it's not nothing. And while cellular and RF technologies in general are useful for many things, PLC is really only useful for this one kind of (lossy, high-latency, low-bandwidth) communication about electrical networks.
Yes, it would be great if there were reliable publicly accessible RF networks available. I work mostly with rural US utilities and the problems they see with cell networks are (1) coverage isn't great and (2) costs aren't competitive with PLC or even utility-owned RF mesh.
Yeah that makes sense. But my general point is that it often makes some sense to invest in a technology that is in the process of being deployed more widely, rather than a technology that is naturally limited in reach. Cell (and satellite) coverage is likely to broaden and move down the cost curve, PLC won't ever be used for anything besides this, and likely isn't going to see much innovation because of that relatively small target market.
