This may be a dumb question (I'm not a networks guy) but how do you maintain so many connections with just 65535 ports? Can you have more than one connection per port?
The server generally only ever uses one port, no matter how many clients are connected. It is the tuple of (client IP, client port, server IP, server port) that must be unique for each TCP connection - so the limit of 65535 ports is only relevant for how many connections a single client can make to a single server.
I believe this is incorrect. The server usually listen on one port, but everytime it does an accept, a different random port is used, and the client start talking to the server on that new port.
This is a surprisingly common misconception. When you accept, you get a new socket. but it is on the same local port. You can readily see this by running 'netstat' on a busy server.
Another way to see that there are no magic "dynamically selected" potrs is to run on the server "tcpdump src x.x.x.x or dst x.x.x.x" where the x.x.x.x is your client address - and check the outputs - the packets will have ports in them.
Alternatively one can read RFC793 or, better, Stevens' "TCP/IP Illustrated".
Just checked it and you're right. I believed I had encoutered the behaviour I described but I do not remember in which context. Anyway glad I learned something!
I believe this comes from how FTP protocol works which do it to some extent and the reason why it do not work trough firewalls well without using passive mode.
By that logic, you would have to open every single port on your firewall if you wanted to set up a web server. Fortunately, your OS just looks at the client IP/port to distinguish multiple TCP streams.
You can have multiple connections on the same port from the same client. E.g. all connections via HTTP commonly go over the same port and a single browser usually has 2-4 simultaneous connections to the server. They don't use multiple ports to achieve this.
No, the pair uses the client IP which means the client can have as many connections to your server as number of ephemeral ports allowed. There is no limit on connections except ram AFAIK.
Not sure why you got down voted, last time this topic came up the author was using EC2 instances for test clients, it took them 17 or so to get the number of connections to their server that they wanted. When the server IP, server port part of the 4 tuple is constant, it takes quite a few client IPs to turn 64K ports into a million.
