you'll find that a lot of unix programmers use tools such as cscope when they need to navigate around large code bases. If you're a vi sort of person, having one terminal in cscope, and another on the command line to compile/checkin code, and another for the debugger gives a totally acceptable result. Of course, as always the optimal solution for a development environment depends on many things - language, host is, target, type of application etc...
It also depends on the developer's own personal preferences -- which is part of the reason I, for one, prefer the far more flexible and configurable IDE that is known as "Unix" over the more rigidly designed IDE known as "Visual Studio".
