From the picture, it looks like I2C to SPI (or similar) and then SPI to USB virtual serial port. Not sure why they didn't just go straight to USB with an I2C-USB adapter. Perhaps they didn't have one. Anyway, from there it's just write a quick program to read/write the 24C02 through the virtual serial port and Bob's your uncle, as it were.
It’s just an I2C EEPROM. You could read and write it with ~50 lines of code on an Arduino (or ESP32 or STM Bluepill or any other microcontroller dev board).
I'd love to see an overview of what devices and software they used for the initial connecting to a computer, memory dump and memory modify.