Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget: https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.09437
Combining GHOST and Casper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.03052
A very simple summary is that it's a fairly traditional consensus protocol, in which if anyone breaks the rules it's possible to prove who did it and penalize them by burning their stake. It achieves scale by using aggregated signatures.
Casper the Friendly Finality Gadget: https://arxiv.org/abs/1710.09437
Combining GHOST and Casper: https://arxiv.org/abs/2003.03052
A very simple summary is that it's a fairly traditional consensus protocol, in which if anyone breaks the rules it's possible to prove who did it and penalize them by burning their stake. It achieves scale by using aggregated signatures.