Valves are not subject to copyright. These valves are patented, as noted in the article.
Probably an equally good valve design whose patent has expired could be used instead. It is not uncommon to patent a new design just different enough, but not actually better, to avoid competition.
Italy is not a common law nation, they are a civil law nation. I'm not a Italian attorney, but I don't think a jury would ever be involved, just investigators and judge.
The people printing the valve have already technically committed copyright infringement.
Sharing the model with other hospitals that need to get them printed might be still borderline but still (I hope) tolerated.
But going further and sharing the model to the public could degenerate into a serious lawsuit.