Most of these new data surveillance tools don't have a judge in the loop.

They do if they want a conviction.

New like sniffer dogs?

What judge? Like ~third paragraph states system operates with no judicial oversight.

A warrant requires a judge, otherwise it's not a warrant.

If Google wants to obey non-warrants, that's on them but not legally required.

> The police have no repercussions for sending warrants to Google

Those warrants.

The police cannot issue warrants. They can ask. Only a court can issue a warrant.

Or one bearer token can have one session Id. Depends on how you implement.