I'm not sure where you got your numbers for China's debt from. The IMF says that china's debt has decreased (from 26% to 19%), while the US's has stayed the same (~100%):
General government gross debt [Percent of GDP]
Country Year 2012 2013 2014 2015
China 26 23 20 19
United States 102 104 106 107
I would think that a Passport Power Index would include more than just where you can go visa-free. Things like availability of embassies and consular services would also factor in. Is your government going to intervene if you get into trouble abroad? If so, how effective are they at doing so? Can you buy property outside your own country? If so, how many countries allow it and are there any restrictions?
I think your link takes a very narrow definition into its rankings. I'm not sure how broad the index in the story is, but it seems to take into account more than just visa requirements.
Yes, my memory was not accurate and I should have specified Haber-Bosch Process & Carl Bosch[1] instead of Haber Process & Fritz Haber.
Apparently, Carl Bosch's refinements to the original Haber Process had the priority goal of ramping up Germany's war munitions instead of feeding the world.